A Review Paper on Experimental Investigation on High Strength Concrete Incorporating M-Sand and Iron Ore Tailing as Partial Fine Aggregate Replacement

Abstract

The increasing demand for high-strength concrete and the depletion of natural river sand have created a need for sustainable alternative materials in concrete production. This study experimentally investigates the use of manufactured sand (M-sand) and iron ore tailings (IOT) as partial replacements for natural fine aggregate in high-strength concrete. M-sand is used as an alternative to conventional river sand, while iron ore tailings, a waste material generated during iron ore processing, are incorporated to reduce the environmental impact associated with their disposal and to conserve natural resources. Concrete specimens are prepared with different proportions of M-sand and iron ore tailings as partial fine aggregate replacements. The effect of these replacements on the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of high-strength concrete is evaluated. The experimental results are compared with those of conventional concrete to determine the suitability of the proposed materials. The study aims to identify an optimum replacement level that provides satisfactory mechanical performance while promoting sustainable construction practices. The utilization of M-sand and iron ore tailings has the potential to reduce the consumption of natural sand, minimize industrial waste, and contribute to the development of economical and environmentally sustainable high-strength concrete.