COLOR IMAGE WATERMARKING WITH QR DECOMPOSITION AND WAVELET: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS

Abstract

Intellectual property may be safeguarded by watermarking digital images. Using RDWT and
SVD, this study presents a blind watermarking technique that strikes a good balance between strength and
undetectability. The location of the watermark is determined by changes in the entropy of the host picture. A
watermark embedded orthogonal matrix U is tested using RDWT and SVD. To provide security, the
proposed solution combines the binary watermark picture with the Arnold chaotic map. We used a plethora
of signal processing and geometrical attack problems to evaluate our method. The results demonstrate that
the proposed method is more resistant to changes such as JPEG2000 compression, cropping, and scaling,
and it also decreases the loss of image quality. The RDWT, DCT, SVD, and trigonometric functions are
used in a mixed-method approach to picture labelling. Watermarking that is visible, long-lasting, and
impossible to remove is possible when all functions are in one domain. We tried it out with a variety of host
images and watermark intensities to see how it worked. For the purpose of testing the correlation-based
extraction method, a robustness tolerance of 0.8 is used. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) is another
metric we use to compare the original and watermarked photos. The results demonstrate that the proposed
approach is effective in the presence of Gaussian noise, picture rotation, resizing, blurring, contrast
adjustments, JPEG compression, histogram equalisation, image affine conversion, and mean filtering. Even
with distorted pictures, the Normalised Cross-Correlation (NCC) is higher than the allowable limit. With
this technique, the recovered picture is an exact replica of the source. Copyright protection, material
verification, user authentication, and handling sensitive scenarios involving content integrity and reversing
changes are all within the technology's purview.
Keywords: digital watermarking, redundant discrete wavelet transform, DCT, SVD, non-blind, —blind
watermarking technique; modified entropy; watermark insertion; watermark extraction; redundant wavelet
transform